In the early days, public Wi-Fi networks often resembled the Wild West, where ARP spoofing attacks that allowed renegade users to read other users' traffic were common. The solution was to build cryptographic protections that prevented nearby parties—whether an authorized user on the network or someone near the AP (access point)—from reading or tampering with the traffic of any other user.
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Immigration boosts innovation and wages in the US. The positive dynamic impact of immigration on innovation and wages dominates the short-run negative impact of increased labor supply. Increased immigration to the US since 1965 is estimated to have increased innovation and wages by 5%.